Archive for the 'Uncategorized' Category

Culture and Language

Thursday, January 18th, 2007

The concept of culture includes many aspects like history and literature, art galleries and museums, food and family, socialisation and sports, holidays and greetings, religion and fashion, or music and education. This is but a very brief list of all possible categories defining culture of a certain country, community, or population. Like every other Country with long history, the Germans have got their fair share of all what make for a culture, some have evolved over years, others have been influence by globalisation and its three contributory factors; technology, democracy, and capitalism 

 
It often happens that the Germans and their Austrian and Swiss neighbours are the victims of cultural stereotyping and misconceptions. The horrible historic events during the reign of the Third Reich and the aftermath of the Second World War continue to colour people’s perceptions of a culture that has given the world not only Richard Wagner, Claudia Schiffer, Erich Maria Remarque, Sigmund Freud, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and many-many more, but also Bismarck, Hitler, and Honecker.

 
But the very positive side of the Germans can also be seen and appreciated better before, during and after the whole 2006 FIFA Soccer World Cup, when in actuality the hospitality, efficiency, punctuality, hard work, technicality and somewhat conservativeness of the entire nation was exhibited to the fullest, leaving every spectator wondering whether there would ever be a better World Soccer spectacle again.

 
The free flow of the event and the hospitality offered made me to rethink my earlier assumption and believe that beyond that very serious look of an average German, there is a very soft and tender nature that tender to warm and accommodate all willing guests to come in and savour the German hospitality; look can be deceptive. I grew up to know that any thing from German would be very efficient, this could be seen from the German national team; there no die attitude, also spilled over to other area of life.

 
Talking to a German friend of mine, I was made to realised that German language emanated from the forest [Germanic hub; a sort of difficult language to learn] and it is spoken by almost 80 million people within Germany, and also spoken by its Neighbours; Austria and Switzerland, while it is also common in Namibia and South Africa due to these countries linkage in the past to the old Colonizing Germany. The Hochdeutsch-the basic German is understood and spoken by almost all in Germany, despite about 10 other dialects.

 
The migration of Turkish, Italian, Spanish, and even African immigrants have tend to flourish the German cultural heritage, a thing that can also be seen appreciated from the German National Soccer Team; with the likes of Asemoah, Khurani, and Odonkor [the Nigerian]

 
The German Nation is split along two major religions; the Protestant North and the Catholic South.

 
Before now I have always thought that Germans go around with beers in hand due to so many jokes about Germans, beers and sausages, but I now know better that the Germans are just merry people when it is time for merriment and serious people when it is time to work. The impression I get from Germans I have met is that German culture tends to revolve around peace, since they went through a lot because of the Nazi regime they installed unwittingly. Modern Germans seem to me to believe war is evil, a reason why it is always balancing out the threat of war and aggression by other super powers. Germans number one priority is the family and fun.

 
As kid then my first exposure to the German culture was through television, through a programme then called Tele-match that pitch one town/city against another using cultural heritage and folk laws of such communities as the bases for the competition.

 
I would conclude by saying that despite the creeping at times of negative issues of the atrocity of the German nation in the past, the modern positive aspect/issues of the German nation tends to over-ride such feelings and put the Germans in a proper perspective in history and in the future of mankind.

 
The German people are generally quite nice, it is a culture famous for its music, its architecture, its philosophy, its literature and its beer/wine and sausages. The Germans seem to have particular fondness for children and for animals, more than in the Americans

By: Timon Olusegun Somosu

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Why should you study in Germany?

Thursday, January 18th, 2007

Germany is always the first choice for foreign students who want to go abroad for studying further. This is where you will discover who looks after such issues as equality of opportunity and international competitiveness in the educational sector - and makes sure that what is taught in German classrooms is contemporary as well as fun. There are many reasons why many people choose Germany as a place to continue their career and here are four reasons. 



1. You can study in a university and a field you want
In Germany there are a lots of good and high-qualified universities. There are not so many differences between the German universities. You can study whatever you want. Only some small parts (like business administration…) can’t take all the appliers because, there are a lot of students that want to study these parts. However in general, you can choose for you a university and a field relevant to your abilities and backgrounds.

2) It is easy to make acquaintance to people and other conditions in Germany.
The first few days in Germany, in a new country with a different culture, customs and habits, will be full of new impressions, possibly bewildering and full of unanswered questions. You may wonder, for instance, whether your German will be good enough to get by. But you will find that most Germans are very helpful. If you should talk to Germans who have absolutely no knowledge of any foreign language, they will at least speak very slowly and in simple sentences to give you a chance to understand them.

3) You can easy to find a student job to finance your study and living
Many students work part-time to finance their studies and foreign students can do the same without having to get a work permit. However, the amount of time you are allowed to work is limited to 90 full days or 180 half days per year or to a limited number of hours per week. In some federal states, you are only allowed to work during vacation. 


Typical student jobs include working in a bar, office work, courier work, taxi driving (though you need a special permit for doing this), hostess work on fairs (well paid) and street cleaning in winter. Pay for student jobs is typically €10-15/hour. Vacancies are often promoted on newspaper websites, via student unions or the university. 


Self-employed Work a residence permit can be issued for carrying out self-employed work. This presupposes that certain prerequisites are fulfilled that, in particular, ensure that the work has a positive effect on the German economy. These prerequisites are generally deemed to be fulfilled with a minimum investment sum of 1 million euros and the creation of ten jobs. If the investment sum or the number of jobs is less than these values, the prerequisites are examined in terms of the viability of the business idea, the amount of invested capital, the business experience of the foreigner and involves, among others, trade authorities and associations. Foreigners who are older than 45 years only receive a residence permit if they have a suitable retirement pension. 


The residence permit is initially issued for a maximum of 3 years. If the planned business endeavor has been successfully realized in this time, a settlement permit can already be issued after three years regardless of the usual prerequisites. 


Working illegally given the difficulties getting work permits many people consider working illegally. However, finding illegal work in Germany is difficult and not recommended. Illegal workers are under constant threat of deportation and are often exploited by employers. An employer cannot even be forced to pay for work done by someone working illegally.
4) Germany is the World’s 3rd, and the Europe’s 1st economical power 


Social market economy. The economic cycle is con­trolled by the market without central intervention. The government authorities ensure conditions that make competition viable. A market economy in­cludes the freedom of consumption, freedom of trade, free choice of occupation and place of work, and the right to private ownership. The right to free collective bargaining, i.e. agreement on employ­ment conditions especially the scale of wages and salaries - by the trade unions and the employers’ associations, is guaranteed under the Basic Law. Both sides of industry act on their own responsibili­ty without being subject to government interven­tion, abiding by the Basic Law and the laws. In the public service sector, the Federation, the Lander and the local authorities act jointly as bargaining part­ners of the trade unions. 


The welfare element of the social market economy is reflected in an extensive welfare system encom­passing a statutory pension scheme, health insur­ance, unemployment insurance, child allowances and other significant benefits. Progressive taxation takes account of the economic situation of the indi­vidual. 


The economy is regulated by framework conditions that influence factors of relevance to the economy as a whole, such as the volume of investments, money supply, consumption and national income. The goal is to ensure price stability, high employ­ment levels and a stable trade balance while main­taining steady and adequate economic growth. 


 

GERMANY- ARTS AND LITERATURE

Thursday, January 18th, 2007

German Literature, literature written in the German language from the 8th century to the present, and including the works of German, Austrian, and Swiss authors. It may be divided into periods corresponding generally to successive phases in the development of the German language and to the growth and unification of Germany as a nation.

Music has long been a German tradition, from the classical music of Telemann and Bach to the modern compositions of Stockhausen and Orff. Germany has more than 120 opera houses and 140 professional orchestras, including the famous Berlin Philharmonic and the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. More than 100 music festivals are celebrated each year throughout the country, many in honour of famous German composers, such as Beethoven, Schumann, Brahms, Wagner and Richard Strauss.

Among the best-known early German painters are Albrecht Durer and Lucas Cranach. 20th century artists include the expressionists Paul Klee and Lyonel Feininger, the surrealist painter Max Ernst, and installation artist Josef Beuys.

  

Many German cities have beautifully decorated churches and buildings dating from the Baroque period in the 18th century. Early in the 20th century, Germany set the standard for modernist architecture with a group called the Bauhaus, led by Walter Gropius and Mies van der Rohe. The Bauhaus emphasized simplicity and clarity in architecture and design.

Perhaps the most famous German writer was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). He was a poet, playwright, painter, scientist and philosopher. The poems of Heinrich Heine and Friedrich Schiller inspired many 19th-century composers, who turned them into songs. Heinrich Böll (Nobel Prize winner for Literature in 1972), Bertolt Brecht, Gunter Grass, Hermann Hesse.

  

Siegfried Lenz, Thomas Mann (Nobel Prize winner for Literature in 1929), Erich Maria Remarque and Herbert Rosendorfer are some of Germany’s most celebrated 20th century writers.

  

The German folk tradition has given the world some of its favourite stories. The brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were professors of linguistics in the 19th century. They collected and published more than 200 German folk tales, including Cinderella, Rapunzel, Snow White, Rumpelstiltskin and Hansel and Gretel.

Germans have created many brilliant and thought-provoking films. The most notable directors include Margarethe von Trotta, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders and Rainer Werner Fassbinder.

  

The modern era of German poetry begins with Nietzsche, who wrote lyric poetry of the impressionist and expressionist schools. His influence can be traced in the lyrics and prose of Gottfried Benn, whose almost nihilistic disillusion and despair underlay his search for positive values. A strong resentment of social injustice characterizes the poems of Richard Dehmel. Hugo von Hofmannsthal developed his poetic gifts in lyric poems and in librettos for operas by the German composer Richard Strauss. The leading exponent of the symbolist movement in German poetry was Stefan George, who, like Nietzsche, attempted to revive the role of the poet as a critic of materialism and corruption. A similar mission was proposed by perhaps the best known of modern German poets, Rainer Maria Rilke. In his Die Sonette an Orpheus (1923; Sonnets to Orpheus, 1936), Rilke sought to convey the poet’s mysterious perceptions of beauty.

German History

Thursday, January 18th, 2007

History is the index of nations and German nation occupies a prominent figure in that index. Different historian’s belief that German history began in 9th A.D century. Arminius a Prince of Germanic tribe known as the Cherusic vanquished three Roman legions in the Teutoburg Forest at present that is southeast of Bielefeld. He is considered as the first German National hero and the German nation constructed a huge memorial near Detmold in 1838-75.

 
The word “Deutsch” means German in the beginning it became the common currency in the 8th century and initially the language was spoken in the eastern part of the Franconian realm. The empire which reached the zenith of its power under Charlemagne, incorporated peoples speaking both Germanic and Romance dialects. Later on the term “deutsch” was transferred from language to its speakers and ultimately to the region they lived in, therefore termed as “Deutschland”.
 
In the Middle Ages the transition from the East Franconian to the German “Reich” is usually dated from 911 A.D. when the Carolingian dynasty had died out, the Franconian duke Conrad I was elected king and regarded as the First German King. His official title was “ Frankish King and later became “Roman King” from the 11th century the realm was “Roman Empire”,  from the 13th century “ Holy Roman Empire” and in 15th century it became  “of the German Nation”.

 
The French revolution broke out in 1789 in France but did not spread in Germany. Although there too, various individuals had over the years tried time and again to do away with barriers between the aristocracy and the common people and the leading thinkers welcomed the over throw in the west which started a new era. The France was the motherland of the revolution opposed the Germans as an enemy and an occupying power the struggled against Napoleon forged a new national movement which culminated in war of liberation.

 
 Last century was the century of wars for Germany because in 1914 the World War one was broke out and Europe was divided between two camps on one side England, Russia, France and Japan and on other side Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Italy. The war ended in 1918. After that Germany faced may political and economic crises. 1933 Adolf Hitler came in power he tried to over come difficulties which Germany was facing. He also raised the Military power of Germany. In 1939 the World War II started which lasted five and a half year and about 55 Million people were killed. After the defeat of Germany forces in 1945. The Germany was divided in to two Eastern and Western blocks, Eastern block was controlled by Soviet Union and Western block was controlled by U.S.A, United Kingdom and France. Modern unification of Germany took place in 1990. At present Federal Republic of Germany is one of the developed countries in the World.

By: Yasir Ahmed

Man of Blood and Iron

Thursday, January 18th, 2007

The history goes back to 19th century and I am writing about the person who is known as “Man of Blood and Iron” and he is the Bismarck. According to David Thomson the “Bismarck ranks among the greatest heroes of the German history and the most important statesman of the modern world. He was a massive man if stiff military bearing. He has a quick and sensitive mind. He possessed great personal charm. Acute intelligence and indomitable will power. He was a man of action”. Bismarck was born on April 1st 1815. His father was Junker and mother was a daughter of distinguished civil servant. He was educated in Berlin and Gottingen and trained for diplomatic career. He traveled a lot in France and England.

 
In 1845 first time he became member of the provincial Diet of Pomerania and entered in Imperial Diet of Berlin in 1847. He was appointed Prussian ambassador in the Russia and served for three years. He tried to win Russia to the side Prussia. He also served as ambassador in Franc for short period.  He also played a vital role in unification of Germany. After his succession to the power he summarized his policy in following words “it is not by speechifying and majorities that the great questions of the time will have to be decided that was the mistakes in 1848 and 1849 but by blood and iron”.

                     

Bismarck fought the Danish war of 1864, the Anglo Prussian war of 1866 and the Franco. Prussian war of 1870 – 71 to bought about the unification of Germany. When he defeated Austria in 1866 he became a recognized leader by his nation. By the end of the 1871 Bismarck could say that Germany was a “saturated state” and his policy after that became one of maintaining peace and avoid war”.

 
He made reforms like legal system of was transformed in to Unicode of law for the entire German Empire. Different currency system was introduced for different states. Imperial railway be aura was established in 1873. The railways were also linked up with military postal and telegraphic organization. Banks were established Reichsbank or Imperial Bank was established in 1876.

 
Bismarck ruled Reich Chancellor for 19th years. Through a consistent peace and alliance policy, he tried to give the Reich a secure position in the new European balance of power. He made a lot of efforts for the unification of Germany. Later on in 1890 he was dismissed by the young Emperor William II.

WHY STUDY ABROAD

Thursday, January 18th, 2007

Have you always dreamed of traveling to cool places, meeting lots of different people, and maybe picking up a language or two? No matter what country you live in, you can fly over the world’s highest waterfalls in Venezuela, learn world trade in Japan, study in France, or take dancing lessons in Ghana, or go and enjoy in Germany’s “Fun City”, Munich known for its Oktoberfest. 

Besides the excitement of travel, one reason to study abroad is that you will experience new customs, holidays, foods, art, music, and politics firsthand. 

“Obviously, I learned the language and am now fluent, but perhaps more importantly was how much I learned about cultures, people, and myself. I learned this from the viewpoint of an active member of the community and my [host] family, not from the tourist’s point of view,” says Andrew, who studied in Poitiers, France. 

Another reason for studying abroad is that you’ll gain self-confidence. Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela, a city of 10 million people and a huge change from her hometown of 35,000! Christina says she learned how to better stand up for herself and her beliefs and to express herself in another language. What could make you more confident than that? 

Living away from home can also help you adjust in the transition to college and adulthood. Matthew says he returned from studying in Australia with confidence, social savvy, and a genuine interest in international affairs that really set him apart from his peers. “After having gone abroad in high school, I found the transition to college to be a breeze - moving 560 miles from home didn’t seem particularly daunting after having lived thousands of miles away.” 

And speaking of college, improving your language skills might help you get into choice colleges and even land future jobs. Colleges and employers know that studying abroad provides leadership skills in a world that is increasingly globally interconnected. 

Most of all, it’s fun! You’re not likely to suffer from sophomore slump or general boredom while you’re studying in a different learning environment. 

If you’ve studied abroad and want to be a host yourself, or if you’ve decided you don’t want to travel but would like the chance to learn about another culture, your family may be a candidate to host a student. Families fill out applications and interview with organization representatives, reviewing profiles (or videos) of students who might be a good fit. 

Whether you host a student or study abroad yourself, you’re sure to see the world in a new way. 

Studying abroad opens larger opportunities for people. It is giving the person the chance to explore by himself the bounty of the globe and experience its richness. Knowledge and wisdom is not only sought in ones country. The real world is large, larger than we thought it to be. It has scattered pieces of gold in any place in the world. But the larger pack of gold is in one country. Though all places offer different fields of study, Germany has it all. Its wide range of opportunities attributed to its richness and stable economy has invited many people to make the country among the first choices in selecting places to study. It is indeed among the leading countries when it comes to high standard education. It will continue offering the student’s quality education generations from now.